Research and development consists of the following:
Year ended December 31, | ||||
2016 | 2017 | |||
Research and development expenses | 101,536 | 114,093 | ||
Capitalization of development expenses | (26,484) | (38,615) | ||
Amortization of capitalized development expenses | 13,345 | 13,288 | ||
Research and development grants and credits | (843) | (326) | ||
Total research and development expenses | 87,554 | 88,440 | ||
Impairment of research and development related assets | 3,575 | 4,337 | ||
Total | 91,129 | 92,777 |
The impairment expenses in 2016 and 2017 related to customer specific projects.
The Company’s operations in the Netherlands, Belgium and the United States receive research and development grants and credits from various sources.